単語の確認お願いします。

台風の時の「高潮」は英語では high tide で間違いないですか？

No.1 ベストアンサー 回答者： Wungongchan 回答日時： 2020/10/28 22:04

ちょっと不正確です。

high tide は普通月の引力で潮位が高くなるいわゆる「大潮」を意味します。

ご質問の台風の時の高潮は低気圧や風の力で海面が持ち上げられる現象で storm surge とするほうが正確です。

No.5 回答者： multiverse 回答日時： 2020/10/29 18:02

現在でも「台風による高潮」の意味では"tidal wave"と"storm surge"の両方が使われていることがわかりました。

"tidal wave"は以前は「津波」の意味で使われていましたが、特に近年は"Tsunami"という呼称が広く使われるようになったので、「津波」を"tidal wave"と呼ぶことはほんど無いようです。

以下引用:

A tidal wave/storm surge is the rise of the water level in the sea, an estuary or lake as result of strong wind driving the seawater towards the coast. This so-called wind setup is superimposed on the normal astronomical tide. The mean high water level can be exceeded by five and more metres. The areas threatened by storm surges are coastal lowlands.
https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-mana …

November 25th, 1950 is a day that the New Jersey Bayshore residents have never forgetten. On that fateful day, storm conditions resulted in a devastating tidal wave that destroyed communities and took lives.
https://www.amazon.com/Tidal-Wave-Appalachian-Je …

The Great Hurricane and Tidal Wave of 1938: Scenes of the Disaster in Rhode Island’s East Bay
https://docs.rwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article …

No.4 回答者： multiverse 回答日時： 2020/10/29 10:49

"tidal wave"と"storm surge"の両方が使われていますね。

ただし、現在ではどちらかがどちらかよりも一般的であるとかと言うようなことがある可能性はあります:

以下引用:

For example, as NOAA scientists pour over old documents looking for evidence of tsunamis to include in the Global Tsunami Database, they find wording such as "wall of water" and "tidal waves." Scientists must determine if these are tsunami events or elevated sea level associated with a hurricane (i.e., a storm surge).
[SNIP]
The tidal wave followed the gale and storm which had been sweeping the coast for several days. The waves swept along the coast just as the gale was dying away and the beginning to think their troubles were over. There was no chance to escape, as the wall of water burst upon the little villages along the coast and swept everything before it.
"My God, it was terrible," exclaimed one of the refugees who arrived here today. "Just as the poor people were trying to bring order out of chaos following the terrible storm, the tidal wave came and swept them away. I saw so many corpses that I believed for a time that I was the only survivor."
The information reveals a terrible condition. The coast line for twenty-five miles was lapped by the tidal wave; and in some places the angry water rushed into the inland for a distance of two miles.
https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/magazine/ts …

When coastal regions are struck by great ocean storms, most of the destruction is caused, not by wind, but water pushed ahead of the storm like snow before a shovel. When this shoved water, or storm surge, reaches shore it is often called a "storm tide" or "tidal wave," though it has no more connection with gravitational tide than does a tsunami.
http://www.leelanau.com/waterfall/stormsurge.html

Nonlinear tide-surge-wave interaction at a shallow coast with large scale sequential harbor constructions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pi …

No.3 回答者： hinode11 回答日時： 2020/10/29 09:50

No.２の文章は、やや分りにくい個所があったので書き直します。

～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
「 high tide」は「満潮」（満ち潮）を意味します。
You can't walk along this beach at high tide.
The waves became much more powerful at high tide.
High tide is at seven in the morning.


台風の強風で起こる「高潮」（高い風波）は「tidal wave」ではないでしょうか。もっとも、「tidal wave」は海底地震の時の「津波」の意味でも使われますが・・・
A massive tidal wave swept the ship up and away.
Several villages were destroyed by a huge tidal wave.
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～

失礼しました。ｍ(_ _)ｍ

No.2 回答者： hinode11 回答日時： 2020/10/28 22:12

台風の強風によって起こる高い風波は「tidal wave」です。

Several villages were destroyed by a huge tidal wave.

「 high tide」は満潮の時間を意味します。
You can't walk along this beach at high tide.　この浜は、満潮時には歩けない。